| PA-generating herb |
Action |
Possible replacements |
| Comfrey leaf/root
|
Vulnerary |
Gotu kola, calendula, meadowsweet, liquorice, German chamomile, Aloe vera, Echinacea, goldenseal, St John’s wort, daisy, Arnica, thyme, horsetail, greater celandine, pau d’arco. |
| Comfrey leaf, coltsfoot leaf |
Demulcent (GIT) |
Marshmallow root, ribwort plantain, broadleaf plantain, psyllium, slippery elm, mullein, flaxseed, Irish moss. |
| Comfrey leaf, coltsfoot leaf |
Demulcent (respiratory) |
Marshmallow leaf, liquorice, flaxseed, ribwort plantain, mullein, Irish moss. |
| Comfrey leaf |
Demulcent (urinary) |
Marshmallow leaf, couch grass, Pellitory-of-the-wall, parsley piert, broadleaf plantain, ribwort plantain, barley. |
| Comfrey leaf/root |
Emollient |
Aloe vera, marshmallow leaf, oats, liquorice, flaxseed, ribwort plantain, broadleaf plantain, psyllium, slippery elm. |
| Coltsfoot |
Anticatarrhal |
Eyebright, ground ivy, goldenseal, ribwort plantain, elderflower, goldenrod, mullein, marsh cudweed. |
| Coltsfoot |
Antitussive |
Autumn cherry, Californian poppy, wild lettuce. |
| Coltsfoot |
Expectorant |
Elecampane, horehound, angelica, elderflower, thyme, lobelia, cowslip, sweet violet, daisy, garlic, gumweed, ginger. |
| Coltsfoot |
Respiratory spasmolytic |
Deadly nightshade, thorn apple, joint-fir, gumweed, liquorice, lobelia, hyssop, thyme, cramp bark. |
| Borage |
Adrenal tonic |
Liquorice, Chinese foxglove, blackcurrant, reishi, adaptogens. |
| Borage |
Antidepressant |
Oats, St John’s wort, lavender, damiana, vervain, goji, blackcurrant, rosemary, Korean ginseng etc. |
| Borage |
Antistress |
Dang Shen, Siberian ginseng, liquorice, ashwagandha, blackcurrant etc. |